Children

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Intellectual Development JEAN PIAGET

1. Sensory motor stage (0-2 years) – in which children are primarily concerned with learning about physical objects.

2. Pre-operational stage (2-7 years) – Children are pre-occupied with symbols in language, dreams and fantasy.

3. Concrete operational stage (7-11 years) - Children move into an abstract world, mastering numbers and learns reasoning capacity.

4. Formal operational stage (11-15 years) – Children can tackle purely logical thought, thinking about their own thinking as well as that of others.


Moral Development KOHLBERG

1. Pre-conventional morality (egocentricity)
Stage 0 (0-2 years) – The goal is what I like and want.
Stage 1 (2-3 years) – Punishment obedience orientation.
Stage 2 (4-7 years) – Instrumental hedonism and concrete reciprocity.

2. Conventional morality
Stage 3 (7 or 8-9 years) – Orientation to interpersonal relations of mutuality.
Stage 4 (10-12 years) – Maintenance of social order, fixed rules and authority.

3. Post-conventional morality
Stage 5A - Adolescence and adulthood social contract, utilitarian law making.
Stage 5B – Higher law and conscience orientation.
Stage 6 – Universal ethical principle orientation.


Emotional Development ERIKSON

1. Birth to one year
Positive
Sense of trust
Negative
Sense of mistrust

2. One year to three years
Positive
Sense of autonomy - minds & wills of their own
Negative
Sense of shyness, doubt and shame – doubt own worth and others

3. Three to six years
Positive
Sense of initiative – wills to extreme limit
Negative
Sense of guilt

4. Six to twelve years
Positive
Sense of industry – strong sense of duty and its appreciation
Negative
Sense of inferiority – if standards unable to attain

5. Twelve years Early Adolescence
Positive
Sense of identity – planning for their own futures
Negative
Identity diffusion – conflicting desires

6. Late Adolescence
Positive
Sense of intimacy and solidarity – own gang
Negative
Sense of isolation – only name sake relations


Spiritual Development FOWLER

Stage 1 0-2 years
Primary Faith
Trust between parents and infants

Stage 2 3- 7 years
Intuitive
Projective Faith
Long-lasting images and feelings

Stage 3 7-15 years
Mythic
Literal Faith
Understanding others perspectives

Stage 4 15years and above
Synthetic
Conventional Faith
Experience extends beyond the family to peers, teachers and other members of the society.

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