Be a Better Writer--ADJECTIVES in the proper order
Posted: Sun Aug 17, 2014 9:12 am
I’m teaching myself Spanish, using an online course. The advantages of learning online: it’s free, and I can work at my own pace and my own convenience. The disadvantages: I don’t get to actually speak Spanish with someone who knows the language, so I’ve gotten to be much better at reading and writing it than actually speaking it.
Stick with me, I’m getting to a point that has plenty to do with this week’s lesson.
Native Spanish speakers don’t have to be taught when “hacer” means “to make” and when it means “to do,” or when to use “para” instead of “por.” They learn those things instinctually, when they’re learning the language. That’s how they know that in Spanish, an adjective usually follows a noun—but sometimes it comes first. I don’t have those instincts, and it trips me up, every time.
It’s the same thing with English. When we’re learning language, we learn syntax as well as vocabulary—so we know the order of words that makes sense. That’s why Yoda is so amusing to us: when he says, “Powerful you have become, the dark side I sense in you,” we mentally switch his words to the “proper” order.
Getting closer to the lesson now. Here it comes:
One bit of syntax that comes naturally to native English speakers is the order of adjectives. For example, let’s say that I want to write a sentence describing a dog. That dog has these attributes—
old
guard
white
big
I’ll give you an exercise to do first—Fill in the blanks of this sentence about the dog, putting the adjectives in the order that sounds best to you.
I have a(n) __________ __________ __________ __________ dog.
I’ll give you the right answer later in the lesson. I’ll bet that most of you put them in the same order—that instinctual order that native English speakers learn, but that is rarely taught.
However, I’ve noticed recently in some of my editing jobs and in reading Writing Challenge and Critique Circle entries that some writers get the order wrong. It’s not a grammatical error, really, just a kind of language tone deafness that will seem “off” to your readers.
There’s a remedy for that, and it’s called “the royal order of adjectives.” Here’s a chart that shows what I mean:
If you google “royal order of adjectives,” you’ll see this same chart on several websites.
Using the chart, let’s go back to that fascinating sentence about a dog. You can see that the correct order is size, age, color, qualifier. So the sentence should read:
I have a big old white guard dog.
I think just about everybody would put “guard” right next to “dog”—but this sentence, which puts the other adjectives in a different order, should seem “off” to you:
I have a white old big guard dog.
The difference is more obvious when only two adjectives are used. Which of these sounds best to you?
I have a white big dog.
I have a big white dog.
I hope you picked the second sentence.
Important to note:
• Obviously, you wouldn’t use every kind of adjective in describing any one thing. If you’re using the chart to determine what order the adjectives should be in, just skip over the categories you’re not using.
• In most cases, three or four adjectives are too many. One, perhaps two, should be enough.
• Some people use “opinion” instead of “observation.” I think this is helpful because it introduces another ordering issue that’s not on the chart: general opinions come before specific opinions. So it would be “a great [general opinion], tasty [specific opinion] sandwich,” not “a tasty [specific opinion], great [general opinion] sandwich.”
• This chart is not engraved in stone. It’s a good guideline, though.
• All of these rules will have exceptions. The writer’s voice, your characters’ quirks, personal preference—all of these might require you to write your adjectives in some other order. It’s a good guideline, though.
And since I know (with a sigh) that commas are going to show up, here’s how you determine if a comma goes in a pair of adjectives:
If you could use “and” between them, use a comma.
I want a sweet, gooey brownie.
If they’d be in the same column in the chart, use a comma.
Her blind date appeared at the door wearing a cheap, ugly suit.
If (despite the chart, which is not perfect) the adjectives seem to have equal weight and to be quite interchangeable, use a comma.
My husband is a wonderful, goofy man.
Otherwise, don’t.
I took my old pink bicycle out of the garage.
What a precious little baby you have!
And if you have more than two adjectives describing something, don’t put a comma between the final adjective and the noun.
The princess knocked on the door; a hunchbacked, grumpy, redheaded troll opened it.
Here’s a website that covers this material with more details, and some grammatical explanations for correct comma placement with pairs of adjectives.
(Thanks to Steve Fitschen for helping me to make sure this lesson is accurate. All questions should be directed to him.)
HOMEWORK: Write a few sentences that contain two or three adjectives, in the correct order and with correct punctuation. Try a few that call for commas and a few that don’t.
Ask a question or make a comment about this lesson.
Stick with me, I’m getting to a point that has plenty to do with this week’s lesson.
Native Spanish speakers don’t have to be taught when “hacer” means “to make” and when it means “to do,” or when to use “para” instead of “por.” They learn those things instinctually, when they’re learning the language. That’s how they know that in Spanish, an adjective usually follows a noun—but sometimes it comes first. I don’t have those instincts, and it trips me up, every time.
It’s the same thing with English. When we’re learning language, we learn syntax as well as vocabulary—so we know the order of words that makes sense. That’s why Yoda is so amusing to us: when he says, “Powerful you have become, the dark side I sense in you,” we mentally switch his words to the “proper” order.
Getting closer to the lesson now. Here it comes:
One bit of syntax that comes naturally to native English speakers is the order of adjectives. For example, let’s say that I want to write a sentence describing a dog. That dog has these attributes—
old
guard
white
big
I’ll give you an exercise to do first—Fill in the blanks of this sentence about the dog, putting the adjectives in the order that sounds best to you.
I have a(n) __________ __________ __________ __________ dog.
I’ll give you the right answer later in the lesson. I’ll bet that most of you put them in the same order—that instinctual order that native English speakers learn, but that is rarely taught.
However, I’ve noticed recently in some of my editing jobs and in reading Writing Challenge and Critique Circle entries that some writers get the order wrong. It’s not a grammatical error, really, just a kind of language tone deafness that will seem “off” to your readers.
There’s a remedy for that, and it’s called “the royal order of adjectives.” Here’s a chart that shows what I mean:
If you google “royal order of adjectives,” you’ll see this same chart on several websites.
Using the chart, let’s go back to that fascinating sentence about a dog. You can see that the correct order is size, age, color, qualifier. So the sentence should read:
I have a big old white guard dog.
I think just about everybody would put “guard” right next to “dog”—but this sentence, which puts the other adjectives in a different order, should seem “off” to you:
I have a white old big guard dog.
The difference is more obvious when only two adjectives are used. Which of these sounds best to you?
I have a white big dog.
I have a big white dog.
I hope you picked the second sentence.
Important to note:
• Obviously, you wouldn’t use every kind of adjective in describing any one thing. If you’re using the chart to determine what order the adjectives should be in, just skip over the categories you’re not using.
• In most cases, three or four adjectives are too many. One, perhaps two, should be enough.
• Some people use “opinion” instead of “observation.” I think this is helpful because it introduces another ordering issue that’s not on the chart: general opinions come before specific opinions. So it would be “a great [general opinion], tasty [specific opinion] sandwich,” not “a tasty [specific opinion], great [general opinion] sandwich.”
• This chart is not engraved in stone. It’s a good guideline, though.
• All of these rules will have exceptions. The writer’s voice, your characters’ quirks, personal preference—all of these might require you to write your adjectives in some other order. It’s a good guideline, though.
And since I know (with a sigh) that commas are going to show up, here’s how you determine if a comma goes in a pair of adjectives:
If you could use “and” between them, use a comma.
I want a sweet, gooey brownie.
If they’d be in the same column in the chart, use a comma.
Her blind date appeared at the door wearing a cheap, ugly suit.
If (despite the chart, which is not perfect) the adjectives seem to have equal weight and to be quite interchangeable, use a comma.
My husband is a wonderful, goofy man.
Otherwise, don’t.
I took my old pink bicycle out of the garage.
What a precious little baby you have!
And if you have more than two adjectives describing something, don’t put a comma between the final adjective and the noun.
The princess knocked on the door; a hunchbacked, grumpy, redheaded troll opened it.
Here’s a website that covers this material with more details, and some grammatical explanations for correct comma placement with pairs of adjectives.
(Thanks to Steve Fitschen for helping me to make sure this lesson is accurate. All questions should be directed to him.)
HOMEWORK: Write a few sentences that contain two or three adjectives, in the correct order and with correct punctuation. Try a few that call for commas and a few that don’t.
Ask a question or make a comment about this lesson.
probably that's why there isn't a lot of responses...
Don't ask me how I missed them!!